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Night in paintings (Western art)
The depiction of night in paintings is common in Western art. Paintings that feature a night scene as the theme are mostly portraits and landscapes. Some artworks involve religious or fantasy topics using the quality of dim night light to create mysterious atmospheres. They tend to illustrate the illuminating effect of the light reflection on the subjects under either moonlight or artificial light sources.
==Historical overview==
Beginning in the early Renaissance with artists such as Giotto, Bosch, Uccello and others; artists began telling stories with their painted works, sometimes evoking religious themes and sometimes depicting political battles, myths, stories and imagined scenes from history and from the bible, using nighttime as the setting. By the 16th and 17th centuries painters of the late Renaissance Mannerists and painters from the Baroque era like El Greco, Titian, Giorgione, Caravaggio, Frans Hals, Rembrandt, Velázquez, Jusepe de Ribera and others began to portray people and scenes in nighttime settings, illustrating stories and depictions of real life, both factual and imagined.
18th century Rococo painters like Antoine Watteau, François Boucher, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, and others used the nighttime theme to illustrate vivid scenes of the imagination often with dramatic literary connotations; scenes of secret liaisons, affairs of the heart, and romantic relationships, scenes reminiscent of the popular 1782 book ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'' by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos. Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Jean-Baptiste Greuze, used the themes of nighttime to depict illustrations of ordinary life. Poet and painter William Blake and painter Henry Fuseli used the nighttime in their work as the setting for many of their most imaginative visions. The most dramatic use of the nighttime can be seen in the 1793 painting by Jacques-Louis David, called ''The Death of Marat'', portraying the French revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat after his murder by Charlotte Corday. The night in paintings of the 19th century was used to convey a complex of diverse meanings. The mystical, religious, and sublime reverence for nature seen in Caspar David Friedrich, Thomas Cole, Frederick Church, Albert Bierstadt, Albert Pinkham Ryder and others; to the powerful and dramatic romanticism of Francisco Goya, Théodore Géricault, and Eugène Delacroix, whose paintings of current events served as visual reportage, and in the case of Géricault revealed a scandal. Gustave Courbet along with the work of Honoré Daumier, Jules Breton, Jean-François Millet, and others created the Realist school intending to portray ordinary people and events hard at work, traveling, or just being engrossed in their everyday lives, at night and during the day. The Impressionists and Post-Impressionists of the late 19th century used the nighttime theme to express a multitude of emotional and aesthetic insights seen most dramatically in the paintings of Edgar Degas, Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh and others.
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